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The Coin Galleries: Kadambas of Banavasi

The Kadambas of Banavasi are said to have been the first indigenous rulers in Karnataka. Previously, the area had been ruled by families such as the Pallavas and Satavahanas, but in the early 4th century Mayurasharma wrested control from them to establish an independent Kadamba kingdom. The dynasty is known from over 50 inscriptions, but so far no coins had been firmly attributed to them. The coins on this page came to light for the first time in 2006, when a hoard of coins was discovered, mostly coins of a lesser branch of the Satavahanas, who had ruled in the Banavasi area, a few coins of the Chutus, and these Kadamba coins. They have been definitively attributed to the Kadambas because they not only have various Kadamba symbols, such as conches and chakras, but one of the epithets on the coins, sri dosharashi, is known from inscriptions to have been used by the Kadamba king Krishnavarma II (ruled 516-540).


Krishnavarma II (516-540)

Krishnavarma II potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri do sha ra shi
          
Kannada legend: shashankah
          
Weight: 0.43 gm, Diameter: 12 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.3-5.6

Krishnavarma II potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri do sha ra shi
Kannada legend: shashankah
Weight: 0.38 gm, Diameter: 11 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.3-5.6

Krishnavarma II potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri do sha ra shi
Kannada legend: shashankah
Weight: 0.25 gm, Diameter: 10 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.7-5.6

Krishnavarma II potin unit
Circle divided into 4 wedges, Kannada legend within: do sha ra shi
Blank
Weight: 0.53 gm, Diameter: 12 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.7-5.11
On this variety, the circle on the obverse is divided into only 4 compartments and the legend is reduced to dosharashi instead of sri dosharashi. Also, the reverse legend is missing. Although Ganesh catalogues this variety after the previous type, I suspect it came earlier chronologically.
"Sri Mānarāshi"

"Sri Mānarāshi" potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri ma na ra shi
          
Four-spoke chakras
Weight: 0.37 gm, Diameter: 11 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.12-5.17
Besides the coins with the legend dosharashi, there was only one other legend found on the coins: manarashi. Girijapathy and Subrahmanya (Numismatic Digest, 31, 2007) read this legend as srimad ravi and attributed the coins to Ravivarma II, but this reading does not seem to be correct. As yet, the king to whom this epithet applies has not been discovered.

"Sri Mānarāshi" potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri ma na ra shi
Four-spoke chakras
Weight: 0.23 gm, Diameter: 11 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.12-5.17
Many of the hoard coins arrived with chips broken off, like on this coin, or even perforations, like the next.

"Sri Mānarāshi" potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri ma na ra shi
Four-spoke chakras
Weight: 0.22 gm, Diameter: 12 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.12-5.17

"Sri Mānarāshi" potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri ma na ra shi
          
Four-spoke chakras
Weight: 0.30 gm, Diameter: 12 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.12-5.17 var
A few coins have an unusually-shaped na in the legend, like on this coin.

"Sri Mānarāshi" potin unit
Circle divided into 5 wedges, Kannada legend within: sri ma na ra shi
Two conches
Weight: 0.43 gm, Diameter: 12 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.18-5.19
Although the photo doesn't show them very clearly, this variety has two conches on the reverse, very clear in hand. Some coins have just one conch; I suspect, like the chakra types, there were multiple conches on the die and how many showed up on the coin depended upon where on the die the coin was struck. Notice also the center of the obverse is different on this type; raher than a simple circle of dots, there is a bead radiating five bead-tipped spikes.
Anepigraphic coins: Flower type

Flower type uniface potin unit
Six-petalled flower within a circle
Blank
Weight: 0.42 gm, Diameter: 12 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.20-34
The hoard contained uniface anepigraphic coins of three general types: flowers, chakras, and conches. These six-petalled flowers are also seen on the reverses of certain Pallava coins; see R. Krishnamurthy: The Pallava Coins, types 231ff.

Flower type uniface potin unit
Six-petalled flower within a circle
Blank
Weight: 0.51 gm, Diameter: 13 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.20-34
Chakra type

Chakra type uniface potin unit
4-spoke chakra
Blank
Weight: 0.43 gm, Diameter: 14 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.36-38
The chakra types displayed chakras of different sizes and with different numbers of spokes. This one has four spokes in a 7 mm diameter circle.

Chakra type uniface potin unit
4-spoke chakra
Blank
Weight: 0.43 gm, Diameter: 11 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.36-38
Although the flan is smaller on this coin, the chakra is bigger, with an 8 mm diameter circle.

Chakra type uniface potin unit
4-spoke chakra within dotted border
Blank
Weight: 0.11 gm, Diameter: 10 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.39
Here there is a tiny 5 mm. chakra within a dotted border.

Chakra type uniface potin unit
5-spoke chakra
Blank
Weight: 0.33 gm, Diameter: 14 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.40-42
Now a five-spoke chakra.

Chakra type uniface potin unit
5-spoke chakra within a dotted border.
Blank
Weight: 0.41 gm, Diameter: 13 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi --- (unlisted)
A five-spoke chakra within a dotted border.

Chakra type uniface potin unit
6-spoke chakra
Blank
Weight: 0.37 gm, Diameter: 11 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.43-44
A six-spoke chakra. Although Ganesh reports only up to a 6-spoke chakra, I have a 7-spoke and an 8-spoke chakra in my collection.

Chakra type uniface potin unit
6-spoke chakra
Blank
Weight: 0.33 gm, Diameter: 13 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.43-44
Conch type

Conch type uniface potin unit
Conch within dotted border
Blank
Weight: 0.15 gm, Diameter: 10 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.51-58
The conch types all seem to be on smaller flans and have a lower weight; perhaps they were a lower denomination.

Conch type uniface potin unit
Conch within dotted border
Blank
Weight: 0.20 gm, Diameter: 9 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.51-58

Conch type uniface potin unit
Conch within dotted border
Blank
Weight: 0.13 gm, Diameter: 9 mm.
Ref: K. Ganesh: Coins of Banavasi 5.51-58
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